Deuteronomy 23:1

The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)

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23

1 לֹא־יִקַּ֥ח אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־אֵ֣שֶׁת אָבִ֑יו וְלֹ֥א יְגַלֶּ֖ה כְּנַ֥ף אָבִֽיו׃ {ס} A man shall not take his father’s wife, and shall not uncover his father’s skirt.

2 לֹֽא־יָבֹ֧א פְצֽוּעַ־דַּכָּ֛א^*(בספרי ספרד ורוב ספרי אשכנז דַּכָּ֛ה) וּכְר֥וּת שׇׁפְכָ֖ה בִּקְהַ֥ל יְהֹוָֽה׃ {ס} He that is crushed or maimed in his privy parts shall not enter into the assembly of the LORD.

3 לֹא־יָבֹ֥א מַמְזֵ֖ר בִּקְהַ֣ל יְהֹוָ֑ה גַּ֚ם דּ֣וֹר עֲשִׂירִ֔י לֹא־יָ֥בֹא ל֖וֹ בִּקְהַ֥ל יְהֹוָֽה׃ {ס} A bastard shall not enter into the assembly of the LORD; even to the tenth generation shall none of his enter into the assembly of the LORD.

4 לֹֽא־יָבֹ֧א עַמּוֹנִ֛י וּמוֹאָבִ֖י בִּקְהַ֣ל יְהֹוָ֑ה גַּ֚ם דּ֣וֹר עֲשִׂירִ֔י לֹא־יָבֹ֥א לָהֶ֛ם בִּקְהַ֥ל יְהֹוָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ An Ammonite or a Moabite shall not enter into the assembly of the LORD; even to the tenth generation shall none of them enter into the assembly of the LORD for ever;

5 עַל־דְּבַ֞ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־קִדְּמ֤וּ אֶתְכֶם֙ בַּלֶּ֣חֶם וּבַמַּ֔יִם בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ בְּצֵאתְכֶ֣ם מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וַאֲשֶׁר֩ שָׂכַ֨ר עָלֶ֜יךָ אֶת־בִּלְעָ֣ם בֶּן־בְּע֗וֹר מִפְּת֛וֹר אֲרַ֥ם נַהֲרַ֖יִם לְקַֽלְלֶֽךָּ׃ because they met you not with bread and with water in the way, when ye came forth out of Egypt; and because they hired against thee Balaam the son of Beor from Pethor of Aram-naharaim, to curse thee.

6 וְלֹֽא־אָבָ֞ה יְהֹוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ לִשְׁמֹ֣עַ אֶל־בִּלְעָ֔ם וַיַּהֲפֹךְ֩ יְהֹוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֧יךָ לְּךָ֛ אֶת־הַקְּלָלָ֖ה לִבְרָכָ֑ה כִּ֥י אֲהֵֽבְךָ֖ יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ Nevertheless the LORD thy God would not hearken unto Balaam; but the LORD thy God turned the curse into a blessing unto thee, because the LORD thy God loved thee.

7 לֹא־תִדְרֹ֥שׁ שְׁלֹמָ֖ם וְטֹבָתָ֑ם כׇּל־יָמֶ֖יךָ לְעוֹלָֽם׃ {ס} Thou shalt not seek their peace nor their prosperity all thy days for ever.

Aliyah 4

8 לֹֽא־תְתַעֵ֣ב אֲדֹמִ֔י כִּ֥י אָחִ֖יךָ ה֑וּא לֹא־תְתַעֵ֣ב מִצְרִ֔י כִּי־גֵ֖ר הָיִ֥יתָ בְאַרְצֽוֹ׃ Thou shalt not abhor an Edomite, for he is thy brother; thou shalt not abhor an Egyptian, because thou wast a stranger in his land.

9 בָּנִ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־יִוָּלְד֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם דּ֣וֹר שְׁלִישִׁ֑י יָבֹ֥א לָהֶ֖ם בִּקְהַ֥ל יְהֹוָֽה׃ {ס} The children of the third generation that are born unto them may enter into the assembly of the LORD.

10 כִּֽי־תֵצֵ֥א מַחֲנֶ֖ה עַל־אֹיְבֶ֑יךָ וְנִ֨שְׁמַרְתָּ֔ מִכֹּ֖ל דָּבָ֥ר רָֽע׃ When thou goest forth in camp against thine enemies, then thou shalt keep thee from every evil thing.

11 כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֤ה בְךָ֙ אִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־יִהְיֶ֥ה טָה֖וֹר מִקְּרֵה־לָ֑יְלָה וְיָצָא֙ אֶל־מִח֣וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה לֹ֥א יָבֹ֖א אֶל־תּ֥וֹךְ הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ If there be among you any man, that is not clean by reason of that which chanceth him by night, then shall he go abroad out of the camp, he shall not come within the camp.

12 וְהָיָ֥ה לִפְנֽוֹת־עֶ֖רֶב יִרְחַ֣ץ בַּמָּ֑יִם וּכְבֹ֣א הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ יָבֹ֖א אֶל־תּ֥וֹךְ הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ But it shall be, when evening cometh on, he shall bathe himself in water; and when the sun is down, he may come within the camp.

13 וְיָד֙ תִּהְיֶ֣ה לְךָ֔ מִח֖וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וְיָצָ֥אתָ שָּׁ֖מָּה חֽוּץ׃ Thou shalt have a place also without the camp, whither thou shalt go forth abroad.

14 וְיָתֵ֛ד תִּהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֖ עַל־אֲזֵנֶ֑ךָ וְהָיָה֙ בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ֣ ח֔וּץ וְחָפַרְתָּ֣ה בָ֔הּ וְשַׁבְתָּ֖ וְכִסִּ֥יתָ אֶת־צֵאָתֶֽךָ׃ And thou shalt have a paddle among thy weapons; and it shall be, when thou sittest down abroad, thou shalt dig therewith, and shalt turn back and cover that which cometh from thee.

15 כִּי֩ יְהֹוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ מִתְהַלֵּ֣ךְ ׀ בְּקֶ֣רֶב מַחֲנֶ֗ךָ לְהַצִּֽילְךָ֙ וְלָתֵ֤ת אֹיְבֶ֙יךָ֙ לְפָנֶ֔יךָ וְהָיָ֥ה מַחֲנֶ֖יךָ קָד֑וֹשׁ וְלֹֽא־יִרְאֶ֤ה בְךָ֙ עֶרְוַ֣ת דָּבָ֔ר וְשָׁ֖ב מֵאַחֲרֶֽיךָ׃ {ס} For the LORD thy God walketh in the midst of thy camp, to deliver thee, and to give up thine enemies before thee; therefore shall thy camp be holy; that He see no unseemly thing in thee, and turn away from thee.

16 לֹא־תַסְגִּ֥יר עֶ֖בֶד אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֑יו אֲשֶׁר־יִנָּצֵ֥ל אֵלֶ֖יךָ מֵעִ֥ם אֲדֹנָֽיו׃ Thou shalt not deliver unto his master a bondman that is escaped from his master unto thee;

17 עִמְּךָ֞ יֵשֵׁ֣ב בְּקִרְבְּךָ֗ בַּמָּק֧וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַ֛ר בְּאַחַ֥ד שְׁעָרֶ֖יךָ בַּטּ֣וֹב ל֑וֹ לֹ֖א תּוֹנֶֽנּוּ׃ {ס} he shall dwell with thee, in the midst of thee, in the place which he shall choose within one of thy gates, where it liketh him best; thou shalt not wrong him.

18 לֹא־תִהְיֶ֥ה קְדֵשָׁ֖ה מִבְּנ֣וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה קָדֵ֖שׁ מִבְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ There shall be no harlot of the daughters of Israel, neither shall there be a sodomite of the sons of Israel.

19 לֹא־תָבִיא֩ אֶתְנַ֨ן זוֹנָ֜ה וּמְחִ֣יר כֶּ֗לֶב בֵּ֛ית יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לְכׇל־נֶ֑דֶר כִּ֧י תוֹעֲבַ֛ת יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ גַּם־שְׁנֵיהֶֽם׃ {ס} Thou shalt not bring the hire of a harlot, or the price of a dog, into the house of the LORD thy God for any vow; for even both these are an abomination unto the LORD thy God. .

20 לֹא־תַשִּׁ֣יךְ לְאָחִ֔יךָ נֶ֥שֶׁךְ כֶּ֖סֶף נֶ֣שֶׁךְ אֹ֑כֶל נֶ֕שֶׁךְ כׇּל־דָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשָּֽׁךְ׃ Thou shalt not lend upon interest to thy brother: interest of money, interest of victuals, interest of any thing that is lent upon interest.

21 לַנׇּכְרִ֣י תַשִּׁ֔יךְ וּלְאָחִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תַשִּׁ֑יךְ לְמַ֨עַן יְבָרֶכְךָ֜ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ בְּכֹל֙ מִשְׁלַ֣ח יָדֶ֔ךָ עַל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֥ה בָא־שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ {ס} Unto a foreigner thou mayest lend upon interest; but unto thy brother thou shalt not lend upon interest; that the LORD thy God may bless thee in all that thou puttest thy hand unto, in the land whither thou goest in to possess it.

22 כִּֽי־תִדֹּ֥ר נֶ֙דֶר֙ לַיהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לֹ֥א תְאַחֵ֖ר לְשַׁלְּמ֑וֹ כִּֽי־דָרֹ֨שׁ יִדְרְשֶׁ֜נּוּ יְהֹוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ מֵֽעִמָּ֔ךְ וְהָיָ֥ה בְךָ֖ חֵֽטְא׃ When thou shalt vow a vow unto the LORD thy God, thou shalt not be slack to pay it; for the LORD thy God will surely require it of thee; and it will be sin in thee.

23 וְכִ֥י תֶחְדַּ֖ל לִנְדֹּ֑ר לֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה בְךָ֖ חֵֽטְא׃ But if thou shalt forbear to vow, it shall be no sin in thee.

24 מוֹצָ֥א שְׂפָתֶ֖יךָ תִּשְׁמֹ֣ר וְעָשִׂ֑יתָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר נָדַ֜רְתָּ לַיהֹוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ נְדָבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ בְּפִֽיךָ׃ {ס} That which is gone out of thy lips thou shalt observe and do; according as thou hast vowed freely unto the LORD thy God, even that which thou hast promised with thy mouth.

Aliyah 5

25 כִּ֤י תָבֹא֙ בְּכֶ֣רֶם רֵעֶ֔ךָ וְאָכַלְתָּ֧ עֲנָבִ֛ים כְּנַפְשְׁךָ֖ שׇׂבְעֶ֑ךָ וְאֶֽל־כֶּלְיְךָ֖ לֹ֥א תִתֵּֽן׃ {ס} When thou comest into thy neighbour’s vineyard, then thou mayest eat grapes until thou have enough at thine own pleasure; but thou shalt not put any in thy vessel.

26 כִּ֤י תָבֹא֙ בְּקָמַ֣ת רֵעֶ֔ךָ וְקָטַפְתָּ֥ מְלִילֹ֖ת בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וְחֶרְמֵשׁ֙ לֹ֣א תָנִ֔יף עַ֖ל קָמַ֥ת רֵעֶֽךָ׃ {ס} When thou comest into thy neighbour’s standing corn, then thou mayest pluck ears with thy hand; but thou shalt not move a sickle unto thy neighbour’s standing corn.

Miqra according to the Masorah · Giấy phép: CC BY-SA · Nguồn
The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917) · Giấy phép: Public Domain · Nguồn

Từng từ một (Hebrew → English · Strong’s)

לֹאlôʼnot
יִקַּ֥חlâqachto take
אִ֖ישׁʼîysha man as an individual or a male person
אֶתʼêthself (but generally used to point out mo
אֵ֣שֶׁתʼishshâha woman
אָבִ֑יוʼâbfather
וְלֹ֥אlôʼnot
יְגַלֶּ֖הgâlâhto denude
כְּנַ֥ףkânâphan edge or extremity
אָבִֽיוʼâbfather

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (CC BY 4.0); Strong’s Hebrew Dictionary (CC BY-SA).

Deuteronomy 23:1 in every translation

English · Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

A man may not marry his father’s wife, and may not expose the edge of his father’s garment.

Giấy phép: CC BY

English · The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

A man shall not take his father's wife [(Marriage does not "take" in her)], and he shall not uncover his father's lap [i.e., a woman who awaits his father for levirate marriage (shomereth yavam). One who lies with his father's shomereth yavam is hereby made subject to two negative commandments — this and Leviticus 18:14. And the juxtaposition with verse 3 indicates that only the issue of kareth relationships (like that of a shomereth yavam) is a mamzer — a fortiori, the issue of those relationships punishable by death, all such relationships being punishable by kareth (in the absence of warning)].

Giấy phép: CC BY

עברית · Miqra according to the Masorah

לֹא־יִקַּ֥ח אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־אֵ֣שֶׁת אָבִ֑יו וְלֹ֥א יְגַלֶּ֖ה כְּנַ֥ף אָבִֽיו׃ {ס}

Giấy phép: CC BY-SA

English · The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)

A man shall not take his father’s wife, and shall not uncover his father’s skirt.

Giấy phép: Public Domain

עברית · Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra

לֹא־יִקַּ֥ח אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־אֵ֣שֶׁת אָבִ֑יו וְלֹ֥א יְגַלֶּ֖ה כְּנַ֥ף אָבִֽיו׃ (ס)

Giấy phép: Public Domain

עברית · Tanach with Text Only

לא יקח איש את אשת אביו ולא יגלה כנף אביו

Giấy phép: Public Domain

עברית · Tanach with Nikkud

לֹא־יִקַּח אִישׁ אֶת־אֵשֶׁת אָבִיו וְלֹא יְגַלֶּה כְּנַף אָבִיו׃

Giấy phép: Public Domain

ייִדיש · Yehoyesh's Yiddish Tanakh Translation [yi]

קײַנער זאָל ניט נעמען זײַן פֿאָטערס װײַב, און ניט אַנטפּלעקן זײַן פֿאָטערס צודעק.

Giấy phép: CC0

Français · Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr]

"On ne doit pas épouser la femme de son père, et découvrir ainsi la couche paternelle.

Giấy phép: Public Domain

Polski · Bible in Polish, trans. Izaak Cylkow, 1841 - 1908 [pl]

Nie pojmie nikt żony ojca swego, i nie odkryje poły ojca swego!

Giấy phép: Public Domain

Deutsch · Die Heilige Schrift, trans. Dr. Simon Bernfeld, Berlin, 1902 - German [de]

Ein Mann soll nicht nehmen das Weib seines Vaters und nicht aufdecken die Decke seines Vaters.

Giấy phép: Public Domain

Esperanto · La Malnova Testamento, L.L.Zamenhof [eo]

Neniu prenu la edzinon de sia patro, nek malkovru la baskon de sia patro.

Giấy phép: Public Domain

Commentary on Deuteronomy 23:1

Rashi

עברית

לא יקח. אין לו בה לקוחין ואין קדושין תופסין בה:

ולא יגלה כנף אביו. שומרת יבם של אביו הראויה לאביו והרי כבר הזהר עליה משום (ויקרא יח, יד) ערות אחי אביך, אלא לעבור על זו בשני לאוין ולסמוך לה (פסוק ג) לא יבא ממזר, ללמד שאין ממזר אלא מחיבי כריתות וקל וחמר מחיבי מיתות בית דין, שאין בעריות מיתת בית דין שאין בה כרת:

On Your Way · Giấy phép: Public Domain · Full commentary on Sefaria

Targum Jonathan

English

A man should not take a wife who is bowed down (or violated), or who hath had intercourse with his father, much less his father’s wife, nor disclose the skirt that covereth his father.

The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · Giấy phép: Public Domain · Full commentary on Sefaria

Ibn Ezra

English

A man may not take his father’s wife including a woman who had been raped, but never married (hence the juxtaposition to the previous passage) [the halakha [Yevamot 97a] is that a man may marry a woman with whom his father has had sexual relations outside of marriage — Translator].

Ibn Ezra on the Pentateuch; trans. by Jay F. Shachter · Giấy phép: CC-BY · Full commentary on Sefaria

Rashbam

English

לא יקח איש את אשת אביו, this law has been repeated here to inform us that anyone born from such a union falls under the category of mamzer, “bastard.”

Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash · Giấy phép: CC-BY · Full commentary on Sefaria