Ecclesiastes 4:2

The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)

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4

1 וְשַׁ֣בְתִּֽי אֲנִ֗י וָאֶרְאֶה֙ אֶת־כׇּל־הָ֣עֲשֻׁקִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר נַעֲשִׂ֖ים תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ דִּמְעַ֣ת הָעֲשֻׁקִ֗ים וְאֵ֤ין לָהֶם֙ מְנַחֵ֔ם וּמִיַּ֤ד עֹֽשְׁקֵיהֶם֙ כֹּ֔חַ וְאֵ֥ין לָהֶ֖ם מְנַחֵֽם׃ But I returned and considered all the oppressions that are done under the sun; and behold the tears of such as were oppressed, and they had no comforter; and on the side of their oppressors there was power, but they had no comforter.

2 וְשַׁבֵּ֧חַ אֲנִ֛י אֶת־הַמֵּתִ֖ים שֶׁכְּבָ֣ר מֵ֑תוּ מִן־הַ֣חַיִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֛ר הֵ֥מָּה חַיִּ֖ים עֲדֶֽנָה׃ Wherefore I praised the dead that are already dead more than the living that are yet alive;

3 וְטוֹב֙ מִשְּׁנֵיהֶ֔ם אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־עֲדֶ֖ן לֹ֣א הָיָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־רָאָה֙ אֶת־הַמַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה הָרָ֔ע אֲשֶׁ֥ר נַעֲשָׂ֖ה תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ but better than they both is he that hath not yet been, who hath not seen the evil work that is done under the sun.

4 וְרָאִ֨יתִֽי אֲנִ֜י אֶת־כׇּל־עָמָ֗ל וְאֵת֙ כׇּל־כִּשְׁר֣וֹן הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה כִּ֛י הִ֥יא קִנְאַת־אִ֖ישׁ מֵרֵעֵ֑הוּ גַּם־זֶ֥ה הֶ֖בֶל וּרְע֥וּת רֽוּחַ׃ Again, I considered all labour and all excelling in work, that it is a man’s rivalry with his neighbour. This also is vanity and a striving after wind.

5 הַכְּסִיל֙ חֹבֵ֣ק אֶת־יָדָ֔יו וְאֹכֵ֖ל אֶת־בְּשָׂרֽוֹ׃ The fool foldeth his hands together, And eateth his own flesh.

6 ט֕וֹב מְלֹ֥א כַ֖ף נָ֑חַת מִמְּלֹ֥א חׇפְנַ֛יִם עָמָ֖ל וּרְע֥וּת רֽוּחַ׃ Better is a handful of quietness, Than both the hands full of labour and striving after wind.

7 וְשַׁ֧בְתִּי אֲנִ֛י וָאֶרְאֶ֥ה הֶ֖בֶל תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ Then I returned and saw vanity under the sun.

8 יֵ֣שׁ אֶחָד֩ וְאֵ֨ין שֵׁנִ֜י גַּ֣ם בֵּ֧ן וָאָ֣ח אֵֽין־ל֗וֹ וְאֵ֥ין קֵץ֙ לְכׇל־עֲמָל֔וֹ גַּם־[עֵינ֖וֹ] (עיניו) לֹא־תִשְׂבַּ֣ע עֹ֑שֶׁר וּלְמִ֣י ׀ אֲנִ֣י עָמֵ֗ל וּמְחַסֵּ֤ר אֶת־נַפְשִׁי֙ מִטּוֹבָ֔ה גַּם־זֶ֥ה הֶ֛בֶל וְעִנְיַ֥ן רָ֖ע הֽוּא׃ There is one that is alone, and he hath not a second; yea, he hath neither son nor brother; yet is there no end of all his labour, neither is his eye satisfied with riches: ‘for whom then do I labour, and bereave my soul of pleasure?’ This also is vanity, yea, it is a grievous business.

9 טוֹבִ֥ים הַשְּׁנַ֖יִם מִן־הָאֶחָ֑ד אֲשֶׁ֧ר יֵשׁ־לָהֶ֛ם שָׂכָ֥ר ט֖וֹב בַּעֲמָלָֽם׃ Two are better than one; because they have a good reward for their labour.

10 כִּ֣י אִם־יִפֹּ֔לוּ הָאֶחָ֖ד יָקִ֣ים אֶת־חֲבֵר֑וֹ וְאִ֣יל֗וֹ הָֽאֶחָד֙ שֶׁיִּפּ֔וֹל וְאֵ֥ין שֵׁנִ֖י לַהֲקִימֽוֹ׃ For if they fall, the one will lift up his fellow; but woe to him that is alone when he falleth, and hath not another to lift him up.

11 גַּ֛ם אִם־יִשְׁכְּב֥וּ שְׁנַ֖יִם וְחַ֣ם לָהֶ֑ם וּלְאֶחָ֖ד אֵ֥יךְ יֵחָֽם׃ Again, if two lie together, then they have warmth; but how can one be warm alone?

12 וְאִֽם־יִתְקְפוֹ֙ הָאֶחָ֔ד הַשְּׁנַ֖יִם יַעַמְד֣וּ נֶגְדּ֑וֹ וְהַחוּט֙ הַֽמְשֻׁלָּ֔שׁ לֹ֥א בִמְהֵרָ֖ה יִנָּתֵֽק׃ And if a man prevail against him that is alone, two shall withstand him; and a threefold cord is not quickly broken.

13 ט֛וֹב יֶ֥לֶד מִסְכֵּ֖ן וְחָכָ֑ם מִמֶּ֤לֶךְ זָקֵן֙ וּכְסִ֔יל אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־יָדַ֥ע לְהִזָּהֵ֖ר עֽוֹד׃ Better is a poor and wise child than an old and foolish king, who knoweth not how to receive admonition any more.

14 כִּֽי־מִבֵּ֥ית הָסוּרִ֖ים יָצָ֣א לִמְלֹ֑ךְ כִּ֛י גַּ֥ם בְּמַלְכוּת֖וֹ נוֹלַ֥ד רָֽשׁ׃ For out of prison he came forth to be king; although in his kingdom he was born poor.

15 רָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־כׇּל־הַ֣חַיִּ֔ים הַֽמְהַלְּכִ֖ים תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ עִ֚ם הַיֶּ֣לֶד הַשֵּׁנִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַעֲמֹ֖ד תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ I saw all the living that walk under the sun, that they were with the child, the second, that was to stand up in his stead.

16 אֵֽין־קֵ֣ץ לְכׇל־הָעָ֗ם לְכֹ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־הָיָה֙ לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם גַּ֥ם הָאַחֲרוֹנִ֖ים לֹ֣א יִשְׂמְחוּ־ב֑וֹ כִּֽי־גַם־זֶ֥ה הֶ֖בֶל וְרַעְי֥וֹן רֽוּחַ׃ There was no end of all the people, even of all them whom he did lead; yet they that come after shall not rejoice in him. Surely this also is vanity and a striving after wind.

17 שְׁמֹ֣ר (רגליך) [רַגְלְךָ֗] כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר תֵּלֵךְ֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וְקָר֣וֹב לִשְׁמֹ֔עַ מִתֵּ֥ת הַכְּסִילִ֖ים זָ֑בַח כִּֽי־אֵינָ֥ם יוֹדְעִ֖ים לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת רָֽע׃ Guard thy foot when thou goest to the house of God, and be ready to hearken: it is better than when fools give sacrifices; for they know not that they do evil.

Miqra according to the Masorah · Giấy phép: CC BY-SA · Nguồn
The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917) · Giấy phép: Public Domain · Nguồn

Từng từ một (Hebrew → English · Strong’s)

וְשַׁבֵּ֧חַshâbachto address in aloud tone
אֲנִ֛יʼănîyI
אֶתʼêthself (but generally used to point out mo
הַמֵּתִ֖יםmûwthto die
שֶׁכְּבָ֣רkᵉbârextent of time
מֵ֑תוּmûwthto die
מִןmina part of
הַ֣חַיִּ֔יםchayalive
אֲשֶׁ֛רʼăsherwho
הֵ֥מָּהhêmthey
חַיִּ֖יםchayalive
עֲדֶֽנָהʻădentill now

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (CC BY 4.0); Strong’s Hebrew Dictionary (CC BY-SA).

Ecclesiastes 4:2 in every translation

עברית · Miqra according to the Masorah

וְשַׁבֵּ֧חַ אֲנִ֛י אֶת־הַמֵּתִ֖ים שֶׁכְּבָ֣ר מֵ֑תוּ מִן־הַ֣חַיִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֛ר הֵ֥מָּה חַיִּ֖ים עֲדֶֽנָה׃

Giấy phép: CC BY-SA

עברית · Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra

וְשַׁבֵּ֧חַ אֲנִ֛י אֶת־הַמֵּתִ֖ים שֶׁכְּבָ֣ר מֵ֑תוּ מִן־הַ֣חַיִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֛ר הֵ֥מָּה חַיִּ֖ים עֲדֶֽנָה׃

Giấy phép: Public Domain

English · The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)

Wherefore I praised the dead that are already dead more than the living that are yet alive;

Giấy phép: Public Domain

עברית · Tanach with Text Only

ושבח אני את־המתים שכבר מתו מן־החיים אשר המה חיים עדנה

Giấy phép: Public Domain

עברית · Tanach with Nikkud

וְשַׁבֵּחַ אֲנִי אֶת־הַמֵּתִים שֶׁכְּבָר מֵתוּ מִן־הַחַיִּים אֲשֶׁר הֵמָּה חַיִּים עֲדֶנָה׃

Giấy phép: Public Domain

English · The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

And I praise the dead, who have already died [(before the evil inclination could gain control of them and thrust them away from the L-rd)] more than the living who are still alive.

Giấy phép: CC BY

English · Kohelet by Bruce Heitler

So I praised the dead that are already deceased more than the living that are still alive.

Giấy phép: CC BY

Français · Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr]

Et j’estime plus heureux les morts, qui ont fini leur carrière, que les vivants qui ont prolongé leur existence jusqu’à présent;

Giấy phép: Public Domain

Deutsch · Die Heilige Schrift, trans. Dr. Simon Bernfeld, Berlin, 1902 - German [de]

Da pries ich glücklicher die Toten, dass sie längst gestorben, als die Lebenden, dass sie noch leben.

Giấy phép: Public Domain

Polski · Bible in Polish, trans. Izaak Cylkow, 1841 - 1908 [pl]

I mieniłem szczęśliwszymi zmarłych, którzy dawno pomarli, nad tych, którzy dotąd jeszcze przy życiu zostali.

Giấy phép: Public Domain

ייִדיש · Yehoyesh's Yiddish Tanakh Translation [yi]

דרום האַלט איך די טױטע װאָס זײַנען שױן געשטאָרבן פֿאַר גליקלעכער פֿון די לעבעדיקע װאָס לעבן נאָך.

Giấy phép: Public Domain

English · The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001

And so I praised the dead who already died; more than the living who are still alive.

Giấy phép: CC BY

Esperanto · La Malnova Testamento, L.L.Zamenhof [eo]

Kaj mi trovis, ke la mortintoj, kiuj jam antaŭ longe mortis, estas pli feliĉaj ol la vivantoj, kiuj vivas ĝis nun;

Giấy phép: Public Domain

Commentary on Ecclesiastes 4:2

Rashi

English

Who already died. Before the evil inclination overpowered them to push them back from the Holy One, Blessed Is He, like the early Patriarchs,) for Moshe was answered only through them [i.e., their merit].) And like my father Dovid, for I was not answered with twenty-four praises) until I said, “Remember the kind deeds of Your servant Dovid.”

The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001 · Giấy phép: CC-BY · Full commentary on Sefaria

Ibn Ezra

עברית

ושבח. ושבח שם התואר כמו ירא אני ונפתח החי״ת בעבור היותו מאותיות הגרון:

עדן. חסר ה״א והוא עד הנה וזה הענין שאמר שהמתים יותר משובחים מן החיים הוא כנגד העשוקים שכל אדם יקבל כל מה שיבוא עליו מן השמים ולא יוכל לסבול עושק שיעשה לו בן אדם שהוא כמוהו ויבחר מות מחיים

Wikisource · Giấy phép: Public Domain · Full commentary on Sefaria